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CGNAT (Carrier-Grade NAT) is a technique used by ISPs to conserve IPv4 addresses. Instead of assigning a unique public IP to every customer, the ISP places many customers behind a shared NAT, then gives them all addresses from the reserved 100.64.0.0/10 range (RFC 6598) on their internal network. This means traffic from multiple customers exits through a small pool of public IPs - a second layer of NAT on top of whatever NAT the customer's own router does (hence "double NAT").